arc.strength {bnlearn} | R Documentation |
Measure the strength of the probabilistic relationships expressed by the arcs of a Bayesian network, and use model averaging to build a network containing only the significant arcs.
# strength of the arcs present in x. arc.strength(x, data, criterion = NULL, ..., debug = FALSE) # strength of all possible arcs, as learned from bootstrapped data. boot.strength(data, cluster = NULL, R = 200, m = nrow(data), algorithm, algorithm.args = list(), cpdag = TRUE, debug = FALSE) # strength of all possible arcs, from a list of custom networks. custom.strength(networks, nodes, weights = NULL, cpdag = TRUE, debug = FALSE) # strength of all possible arcs, computed using Bayes factors. bf.strength(x, data, score, ..., debug = FALSE) # average arc strengths. ## S3 method for class 'bn.strength' mean(x, ..., weights = NULL) # averaged network structure. averaged.network(strength, nodes, threshold)
x |
an object of class |
networks |
a list, containing either object of class |
data |
a data frame containing the data the Bayesian network was
learned from (for |
cluster |
an optional cluster object from package parallel. |
strength |
an object of class |
threshold |
a numeric value, the minimum strength required for an
arc to be included in the averaged network. The default value is the
|
nodes |
a vector of character strings, the labels of the nodes in the
network. In |
criterion,score |
a character string. For |
For bf.strength()
, the
label of the score used to compute the Bayes factors; see BF
for details.
R |
a positive integer, the number of bootstrap replicates. |
m |
a positive integer, the size of each bootstrap replicate. |
weights |
a vector of non-negative numbers, to be used as weights
when averaging arc strengths (in |
cpdag |
a boolean value. If |
algorithm |
a character string, the structure learning algorithm to be
applied to the bootstrap replicates. See |
algorithm.args |
a list of extra arguments to be passed to the learning algorithm. |
... |
in |
debug |
a boolean value. If |
arc.strength()
computes a measure of confidence or strength for each
arc, while keeping fixed the rest of the network structure.
If criterion
is a conditional independence test, the strength is a
p-value (so the lower the value, the stronger the relationship). The
conditional independence test would be that to drop the arc from the
network. The only possible additional argument is B
, the number
of permutations to be generated for each permutation test.
If criterion
is the label of a score function, the strength is
measured by the score gain/loss which would be caused by the arc's removal.
In other words, it is the difference between the score of the network
in which the arc is not present and the score of the network in which the arc
is present. Negative values correspond to decreases in the network score
and positive values correspond to increases in the network score (the
stronger the relationship, the more negative the difference). There may be
additional aguments depending on the choice of the score, see
score
for details.
boot.strength()
estimates the strength of each arc as its empirical
frequency over a set of networks learned from bootstrap samples. It computes
the probability of each arc (modulo its direction) and the probabilities of
each arc's directions conditional on the arc being present in the graph (in
either direction).
bf.strength()
estimates the strength of each arc using Bayes factors
to overcome the fact that Bayesian posterior scores are not normalised, and
uses the latter to estimate the probabilities of all possible states of an
arc given the rest of the network.
custom.strength()
takes a list of networks and estimates arc strength
in the same way as
boot.strength()
.
Model averaging is supported for objects of class bn.strength
returned
by boot.strength
, custom.strength
and
bf.strength
. The returned network contains the arcs whose
strength is greater than the threshold
attribute of the
bn.strength
object passed to averaged.network()
.
arc.strength()
, boot.strength()
, custom.strength()
,
bf.strength()
and mean()
return an object of class
bn.strength
; boot.strength()
and custom.strength()
also
include information about the relative probabilities of arc directions.
averaged.network()
returns an object of class bn
.
See bn.strength class
and bn-class
for details.
averaged.network()
typically returns a completely directed graph; an
arc can be undirected if and only if the probability of each of its directions
is exactly 0.5. This may happen, for example, if the arc is undirected in all
the networks being averaged.
Marco Scutari
for model averaging and boostrap strength (confidence):
Friedman N, Goldszmidt M, Wyner A (1999). "Data Analysis with Bayesian Networks: A Bootstrap Approach". Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 196–201.
for the computation of the strength (confidence) significance threshold:
Scutari M, Nagarajan R (2011). "On Identifying Significant Edges in Graphical Models". Proceedings of the Workshop 'Probabilistic Problem Solving in Biomedicine' of the 13th Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Conference, 15–27.
strength.plot
, choose.direction
,
score
, ci.test
.
data(learning.test) res = gs(learning.test) res = set.arc(res, "A", "B") arc.strength(res, learning.test) ## Not run: arcs = boot.strength(learning.test, algorithm = "hc") arcs[(arcs$strength > 0.85) & (arcs$direction >= 0.5), ] averaged.network(arcs) start = random.graph(nodes = names(learning.test), num = 50) netlist = lapply(start, function(net) { hc(learning.test, score = "bde", iss = 10, start = net) }) arcs = custom.strength(netlist, nodes = names(learning.test), cpdag = FALSE) arcs[(arcs$strength > 0.85) & (arcs$direction >= 0.5), ] modelstring(averaged.network(arcs)) ## End(Not run) bf.strength(res, learning.test, score = "bds", prior = "marginal")